[The data used for each step are included in Fig 3, along with indication of the base, runs, and saturation points. Given how different approaches arein terms of units of analysis and strictness of saturation thresholdsit is difficult to understand how much confidence to have in a conclusion about whether saturation was reached or not. For this reason, we have chosen to test 4, 5, and 6 interviews as base sizes from which to calculate the total number of unique themes to be used in the denominator of the saturation ratio. At this stage, we want to be thorough: we go through the transcript of every interview and highlight everything that jumps out as relevant or potentially interesting. Quantitative data analysis. The honest answer to this is that we dont know, and we can never know unless we conduct those five extra interviews, and then five more after that and so on. Note that, as described in the example above, the number of interviews in the run length is not included in the number of interviews to reach the given new information threshold, so the total number of events needed to assess having reached the threshold is two or three more interviews than the given median, depending on the run length of choice. But the next question is a purely subjective one: What level of paucity of new information should we accept as indicative of saturation? Some types of research questions you might use theme-oriented analysis to answer: [17, 18] reported similar findings. For more information about PLOS Subject Areas, click Taken together, the concepts of base size, run length, and new information threshold allow researchers to choose how stringently they wish to apply the saturation conceptand the level of confidence they might have that data saturation was attained for a given sample (Fig 2). Options for each metric can be specified prior to analysis or reported after data analysis. Divide the number of new themes in this run (seven) by the number of unique themes in the base set (37). Finally, well write up our analysis of the data. For example, a researcher may use thematic analysis to analyze a survey data set in order to identify themes in the responses. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, This method also enables researchers to select different levels of the constituent elements in the processi.e., Base Size, Run Length and New Information Thresholdbased on how confident they wish to be that their interpretations and conclusions are based on a dataset that reached thematic saturation. (2010), for example, consider runs of three data collection events each time they (re)assess the number of new themes for the numerator, whereas Coenen et al. After youve decided thematic analysis is the right method for analyzing your data, and youve thought about the approach youre going to take, you can follow the six steps developed by Braun and Clarke. If we consider the hypothetical data set used here (see Fig 3) and kept the run length of 2, the 0% new information threshold would have been reached at interview 10+2. Thematic analysis allows you a lot of flexibility in interpreting the data, and allows you to approach large data sets more easily by sorting them into broad themes. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the manuscript's Supporting Information files. Methods that calculate saturation based on the proportion of new themes relative to the overall number of themes in a dataset (e.g., Guest et al.
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